基于多尺度特征融合网络的分节电容传感器节数识别深度学习方法

Deep Learning Method for Segment Number Identification of Segmented Capacitive Sensor Based on Multi-scale Feature Fusion Network

  • 摘要: 火箭低温液氢/液氧推进剂液位测量是航天发射任务中的关键环节。分节电容传感器因其结构简单、精度和可靠性高而被广泛应用于火箭贮箱液位监测。然而,由于低温推进剂在加注与贮存过程中存在蒸发、沸腾、晃动及热分层等复杂物理现象,传统基于电压拟合斜率与固定阈值的电容传感器节数识别方法存在抗噪能力差、误差累积严重、需人工干预等缺陷,难以满足多贮箱高可靠自主测量需求。针对上述挑战,提出一种基于多尺度特征融合网络(Multi-scale Feature Fusion Network,MSFFN)的分节电容传感器节数识别深度学习方法。采用双通道噪声抑制模块,通过级联卷积与混合池化操作实现原始波形的高保真去噪与下采样;构建嵌入通道-空间混合注意力机制的残差特征提取网络,有效捕捉时序信号的多尺度依赖关系并自适应增强关键特征表达能力;基于自适应多尺度特征融合模块,通过并行多分支卷积与特征拼接-压缩策略整合局部细节、中程关联与长程依赖信息,形成易于识别的特征表示。此外,建立面向分节电容传感器波形特性的数据生成框架,通过物理过程建模、多通道电压映射及多维噪声注入,构建大规模模拟数据集用于模型训练,并采用真实工况的传感器数据对训练模型进行验证。结果表明,模型平均节数识别准确率达91.94%,平均高度计算准确率达92.49%,识别精度与鲁棒性均具有显著优势,且在节数识别错误后具有自纠正能力。该方法为分节电容传感器在复杂工况下的高精度、高可靠自主节数识别提供了有效的技术路径。

     

    Abstract: The measurement of liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen propellant levels in rocket low-temperature is a crucial step in space launch missions.Segmented capacitive sensor is widely used in rocket tank liquid level monitoring due to their simple structure,high precision and reliability.However,due to the complex physical phenomena such as evaporation,boiling,sloshing and thermal stratification during the filling and storage of cryogenic propellants,the traditional section identification method of capacitive sensors based on voltage fitting slope and fixed threshold has poor noise resistance,serious error accumulation and requires manual intervention,which is difficult to meet the requirements of high-reliability autonomous measurement for multiple tanks.To address these challenges,a deep learning method for section identification of sectioned capacitive sensors based on multi-scale feature fusion is proposed.A dual-channel noise suppression module is adopted to achieve high-fidelity denoising and downsampling of the original waveform through cascaded convolution and mixed pooling operations;a residual feature extraction network with channel-space hybrid attention mechanism is constructed to effectively capture the multi-scale dependencies of the time series signal and adaptively enhance the expression of key features;based on the adaptive multi-scale feature fusion module,local details,medium-range correlations and long-range dependencies are integrated through parallel multi-branch convolution and feature concatenation-compression strategies to form a feature representation that is easy to identify.In addition,a data generation framework for the waveform characteristics of sectioned capacitive sensors is established.Through physical process modeling,multi-channel voltage mapping and multi-dimensional noise injection,a large-scale simulation dataset is constructed for model training,and the trained model is verified using real sensor data under actual working conditions.The results show that in the section identification task,the model achieves an average accuracy of 91.94%,and the average height calculation accuracy rate is 92.49%.The model has significant advantages in identification accuracy and noise robustness,and has the ability to correct the number of sections after an incorrect identification.This method provides an effective technical approach for high-precision and high-reliability autonomous section identification of sectioned capacitive sensors under complex working conditions.

     

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